Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials have become key factors in modern engineering, offering numerous opportunities for improvement of the performance and efficiency of various industrial sectors. The application of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in the automotive industry represents a revolutionary step towards improving the performance, efficiency and sustainability of vehicles. This review paper researches various aspects of the integration of nanotechnologies into automotive systems, including improvement of the mechanical properties of materials, increasing energy efficiency, improving safety, and reducing environmental impact. A special focus is placed on the application of nanoparticles and nanocomposites in the development of light and strong materials, the use of nanolubricants to reduce friction, and advanced sensor technologies based on nanostructures. Also, the environmental aspects of the use of nanomaterials, including the possibilities of recycling and the reduction of harmful gas emissions, were discussed. The paper analyses current technical and regulatory challenges, as well as perspectives for future development and research. Through a comprehensive overview of the current state and potential of nanotechnologies, this paper contributes to a better understanding of their key role in shaping the future of the automotive industry.